Comparison Table: IPC 1860 vs. BNS 2023 (Sections 1-62)
BNS (2023) vs IPC (1860) ⚖️
Phase 1: Exhaustive Section-by-Section Comparative Table
| IPC Sec. | IPC Heading / Description | BNS Sec. | BNS Heading / Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chapter I: Preliminary (Application & Extent) | |||
| 1 | Title and extent of operation of the Code | 1(1) | Short title, commencement and application |
| 2 | Punishment of offences committed within India | 1(3) | Offences committed within India |
| 3 | Punishment of offences committed beyond India | 1(4) | Offences committed beyond India triable in India |
| 4 | Extension of Code to extra-territorial offences | 1(5) | Extension to extra-territorial offences |
| 5 | Certain laws not to be affected by this Act | 1(6) | Savings clause for special or local laws |
| General Definitions (Consolidated Alphabetically) | |||
| 8 | Gender | 2(10) | Definition of "Gender" |
| 11 | Person | 2(26) | Definition of "Person" |
| 19 | Judge | 2(19) | Definition of "Judge" |
| 21 | Public Servant | 2(28) | Definition of "Public Servant" |
| 22 | Movable Property | 2(21) | Definition of "Movable Property" |
| 24 | Dishonestly | 2(7) | Definition of "Dishonestly" |
| 25 | Fraudulently | 2(9) | Definition of "Fraudulently" |
| 29 | Document | 2(8) | Definition of "Document" (Includes Electronic) |
| 40 | Offence | 2(24) | Definition of "Offence" |
| 52A | Harbour | 2(15) | Definition of "Harbour" |
| Chapter II: Punishments | |||
| 53 | Punishments | 4 | Punishments (Includes Community Service) |
| 54 | Commutation of sentence of death | 5(a) | Commutation of death sentence |
| 55 | Commutation of sentence of life imprisonment | 5(b) | Commutation of life imprisonment |
| 57 | Fractions of terms of punishment | 6 | Calculating fractions (Life = 20 years) |
| 60 | Sentence of imprisonment (Rigorous/Simple) | 7 | Description of sentence of imprisonment |
| 63 | Amount of fine | 8(1) | Amount of fine (Must not be excessive) |
| 64 | Sentence of imprisonment for non-payment of fine | 8(2) | Imprisonment for non-payment of fine |
| 71 | Limit of punishment of offence made up of parts | 9 | Limit of punishment for composite offences |
| 73 | Solitary Confinement | 11 | Solitary Confinement (Max 3 months) |
| 74 | Limit of Solitary Confinement | 12 | Limit of Solitary Confinement in execution |
| 75 | Enhanced punishment for certain offences | 13 | Enhanced punishment for previous convicts |
| Chapter III: General Exceptions | |||
| 76 | Act done by person bound by law | 14 | Act done by person bound by law |
| 79 | Act done by person justified by law | 15 | Act done by person justified by law |
| 80 | Accident in lawful act | 16 | Accident in doing a lawful act |
| 81 | Act likely to cause harm (Necessity) | 17 | Act done to avoid greater harm |
| 82 | Act of a child under seven years of age | 20 | Act of child under seven (Doli Incapax) |
| 83 | Act of a child above seven and under twelve | 21 | Act of child between seven and twelve |
| 84 | Act of a person of unsound mind | 22 | Act of person of unsound mind |
| 85 | Involuntary Intoxication | 23 | Act of person incapable of judgment (Intoxication) |
| 96 | Things done in private defence | 34 | Right of Private Defence |
| 100 | Death caused in private defence of body | 38 | Right to cause death in defence of body |
| 103 | Death caused in private defence of property | 41 | Right to cause death in defence of property |
| Abetment, Conspiracy and Attempt | |||
| 107 | Abetment of a thing | 45 | Definition of Abetment |
| 108 | Abettor | 46 | Definition of Abettor |
| 120A | Definition of criminal conspiracy | 61(1) | Definition of Criminal Conspiracy |
| 120B | Punishment of criminal conspiracy | 61(2) | Punishment for Criminal Conspiracy |
| 511 | Attempting to commit offences | 62 | Punishment for Attempt |
| Repeal and Savings | |||
| - | Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860) | 358 | Repeal and Savings: IPC is hereby repealed. Actions taken under old law are saved. |
📊 Phase 1 Detailed Analysis
The transition from IPC to BNS in the first 62 sections focuses on streamlining the General Part of criminal law:
- No more scattered definitions: IPC sections 8 to 52A are now consolidated into Section 2 of the BNS.
- Attempt & Conspiracy: These are now foundational sections (61 and 62) rather than being relegated to the end of the code.
- Repeal Clause: Section 358 BNS explicitly repeals the IPC while ensuring ongoing proceedings are protected.
Section 4: Introducing Community Service as a reformative punishment for petty offences.
Section 1(6): Clarifies that BNS does not override special laws like POSCO or NDPS unless specified.
Explore all phases and comparisons in the central directory:
⚖️ RETURN TO MASTER NAVIGATION HUBDetailed Comparison of BNS, BNSS & BSA