BNSS 2023 vs CrPC 1973: Exhaustive Phase 7 Mapping (Sections 497-531)
CrPC vs BNSS ⚖️
Procedural Law Comparison: Sections 497 to 531 (Final Provisions)
| CrPC (1973) | Provision Description | BNSS (2023) | Changes / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chapter XXXIV: Disposal of Property | |||
| 451 | Order for custody/disposal (Trial) | 497 | Expedited disposal of perishable items. |
| 452 | Order for disposal (Conclusion) | 498 | Post-trial property release. |
| 456 | Restoration of immovable property | 502 | Forceful dispossession cases. |
| 457 | Procedure by Police on Seizure | 503 | Magistrate oversight on police holds. |
| 459 | Perishable property sale | 505 | Immediate sale if value < 500/- or perishable. |
| Chapter XXXV: Irregular Proceedings | |||
| 460 | Irregularities which do not vitiate | 506 | Good faith actions by Magistrate. |
| 461 | Irregularities which vitiate | 507 | Procedural lapses that cancel trial. |
| 464 | Effect of omission to frame charge | 510 | Trial valid if no failure of justice. |
| 465 | Error/Omission in judgment | 511 | Curable defects defined. |
| Chapter XXXVI: Limitation for Cognizance | |||
| 468 | Bar to taking cognizance | 514 | Time limit based on punishment. |
| 470 | Exclusion of time | 516 | Sanction/Stay periods excluded. |
| 473 | Extension of period | 519 | In interests of justice. |
| Chapter XXXVII: Miscellaneous | |||
| 475 | Trial of persons subject to Military | 521 | Handover to Army/Navy authorities. |
| 479 | Judge/Magistrate personally interested | 525 | Recusal rule (Nemo judex in causa sua). |
| 482 | Inherent Powers of High Court | 528 | Crucial: Identical power retained. |
| 483 | Duty of High Court (Supervision) | 529 | Subordinate Court monitoring. |
| 484 | Repeal and Savings | 531 | Old cases remain under CrPC 1973. |
📊 Final Phase Summary
Phase 7 concludes the procedural journey, defining the Saving Clauses and Inherent Powers.
- Pending Cases: Section 531 BNSS clarifies that any trial/appeal pending before 1st July 2024 will follow CrPC.
- High Court Power: Section 528 (formerly 482) remains the most powerful tool for quashing FIRs or preventing injustice.
- Digital Evidence: Rules for property disposal (497-505) now account for digital storage devices.
💡 Memorization Chart
482 (Old) → 528 (New): The "Quashing" Section.
484 (Old) → 531 (New): The "Goodbye/Repeal" Section.
Limitation: Section 514 onwards (Starts at 468 in CrPC).
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