BNSS 2023 vs CrPC 1973: Exhaustive Phase 4 Mapping (Sections 173-226)
BNSS Phase 4: Sections 173 to 226
Information to Police & Powers to Investigate (Chapter XIII & XIV)
| CrPC | Provision/Section Details | BNSS | Status & Detailed Changes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chapter XIII: Information to the Police and Investigation | |||
| 154 | Information in cognizable cases (FIR) | 173 | Revolutionary: Zero FIR allowed. e-FIR introduced; Preliminary Inquiry (3-14 days) mandated. |
| 155 | Information in non-cognizable cases | 174 | No investigation without Magistrate's order. |
| 156 | Police power to investigate cognizable case | 175 | Power to investigate without Magistrate's order. |
| 157 | Procedure for investigation | 176 | NEW Forensics mandatory for crimes punishable by 7+ years. |
| 158 | Report how submitted | 177 | Submission through superior officer. |
| 159 | Power to hold investigation/preliminary inquiry | 178 | Magistrate's oversight on police reports. |
| 160 | Police power to require attendance of witnesses | 179 | Age limit for station attendance: < 15 or > 60 years. |
| 161 | Examination of witnesses by police | 180 | Audio-Video recording of statements allowed. |
| 162 | Statements not to be signed | 181 | Use of statements in evidence limited to contradiction. |
| 163 | No inducement to be offered | 182 | Prohibition of threats or promises. |
| 164 | Recording of confessions and statements | 183 | Audio-video recording mandated for certain offences. |
| 164A | Medical examination of victim of rape | 184 | Report must be sent to Magistrate within 48 hours. |
| 165 | Search by police officer | 185 | Mandatory Videography of search. |
| 166 | When officer-in-charge may require another | 186 | Search beyond local limits. |
| 167 | Procedure when investigation > 24 hours | 187 | Police custody (15 days) can be spread over 40/60 days. |
| 172 | Case Diary | 192 | Must be updated daily; digitally allowed. |
| 173 | Report of police officer (Charge Sheet) | 193 | NEW 90-day timeline; Inform victim of progress. |
| Chapter XIV: Jurisdiction of Criminal Courts (197-210) | |||
| 177 | Ordinary place of inquiry and trial | 197 | Trial where offence was committed. |
| 178 | Place of inquiry or trial (uncertain) | 198 | Where any part of offence took place. |
| 188 | Offence committed outside India | 208 | Inquiry with prior sanction of Central Govt. |
| Chapter XV & XVI: Cognizance & Complaints (211-226) | |||
| 190 | Cognizance of offences by Magistrates | 210 | Power to take cognizance on FIR/Complaint. |
| 195 | Prosecution for contempt of lawful authority | 215 | Complaints must be in writing by public servant. |
| 197 | Prosecution of Judges and Public Servants | 218 | NEW 120-day limit for Govt to decide on Sanction. |
| 198 | Prosecution for offences against marriage | 219 | Complaint by aggrieved person. |
| 200 | Examination of complainant | 223 | Magistrate must examine on oath. |
| 202 | Postponement of issue of process | 225 | Mandatory inquiry for accused living outside jurisdiction. |
📊 Phase 4 Summary
Covers Investigation, Jurisdiction, and Cognizance (Sections 173-226).
- E-Investigation: Introduction of e-FIR and audio-video recording for statements and searches.
- Forensic Mandate: Forensic evidence is now compulsory for serious crimes (7+ years).
- Timelines: Preliminary inquiry must finish in 14 days; Sanction for public servants in 120 days.
- Victim Rights: Police must inform the victim of the investigation progress within 90 days.
⚡ Critical Section Shifts
FIR (Information): 154 CrPC → 173 BNSS
Charge Sheet: 173 CrPC → 193 BNSS
Confessions: 164 CrPC → 183 BNSS
Explore all phases and comparisons in the central directory:
⚖️ RETURN TO MASTER NAVIGATION HUBDetailed Comparison of BNS, BNSS & BSA